The relief of Uzbekistan determines the atmospheric circulation and thus plays an essential role in forming the Uzbek climate. The north and northwest of the country are relatively flat, which is why cold air masses can penetrate unhindered into the area in winter. The mountainous terrain in the south prevents the penetration of warm tropical air. It leads to cold but usually clear winters. The average winter temperature (January) varies from -8°C to +3°C; in mountain areas, it can fall to -16°C. Under the influence of Arctic air, -35°C was measured as the absolute minimum. In summer, the local tropical air mass of Turan forms in the flat part of the country. The air becomes dry and hot, saturated with fine dust. In July, the average temperature in the northern part of the country is 26-32°C, while it reaches 41-42°C in the south (Termez). The maximum temperatures can exceed 50°C.
PRECIPITATION
Uzbekistan has relatively little precipitation. While it’s about 100mm in the desert, the amount in the mountains in the east is about 800-900mm. In comparison, the amount of precipitation in Switzerland is about 1,000-1,500mm per year. 70% of the rainfall in Uzbekistan falls in winter and spring. It can also snow in the lowlands in winter, but the snow cover is usually only a few centimetres. In the mountains, there is, on average, 60cm snow, whereby it can come in exceptions to a snow cover of up to 2 meters.
WINDS
In Uzbekistan, there are mainly winds from the north or west. There are some locally occurring winds, which can affect the economy. In the Fergana valley, there can be storm heights with wind speeds of 30-40m/s under certain air pressure conditions, threatening the harvest. In the province of Surxondaryo in the south, the wind regularly blows from Afghanistan; the winds are not particularly fast, but they carry a lot of dust and sand with them and can have devastating effects on flowering trees and plants.
Weather in cities of Uzbekistan
| Tashkent | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL | AUG | SEP | OCT | NOV | DEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day | 6 | 8 | 15 | 22 | 28 | 34 | 36 | 34 | 29 | 20 | 14 | 9 |
| Night | -3 | -1 | 4 | 10 | 14 | 18 | 20 | 17 | 13 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| Sunny days per month | 7 | 6,5 | 7 | 11 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 17 | 10 | 9 |
| Rainy days per month | 12 | 12 | 13,5 | 7 | 3,5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 11,5 |
| Samarkand | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL | AUG | SEP | OCT | NOV | DEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day | 6 | 8 | 14 | 21 | 26 | 32 | 34 | 34 | 28 | 21 | 15 | 9 |
| Night | -3 | -1 | 3 | 9 | 13 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 2 | -1 |
| Sunny days per month | 7,5 | 6,5 | 8,5 | 12,5 | 18 | 25 | 29 | 29 | 26 | 20 | 11 | 9 |
| Rainy days per month | 10 | 10 | 9 | 7 | 3,5 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | 4 | 6 | 8 |
| Bukhara | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL | AUG | SEP | OCT | NOV | DEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day | 8 | 10 | 17 | 25 | 31 | 37 | 38 | 37 | 31 | 25 | 16 | 9 |
| Night | -1 | -1 | 4 | 10 | 15 | 19 | 20 | 17 | 11 | 6 | 3 | 0 |
| Sunny days per month | 8 | 7,5 | 11 | 14 | 18 | 25 | 28,5 | 29 | 26 | 21,5 | 13 | 11 |
| Rainy days per month | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 2,5 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | <1 | 3 | 4 |
| Khiva | JAN | FEB | MAR | APR | MAY | JUN | JUL | AUG | SEP | OCT | NOV | DEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day | 4 | 6 | 14 | 23 | 30 | 36 | 38 | 36 | 30 | 22 | 13 | 6 |
| Night | -3 | -2 | 2 | 9 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 19 | 13 | 6 | 2 | -1 |
| Sunny days per month | 6 | 6,5 | 10,5 | 13 | 16,5 | 21,5 | 25 | 27 | 25 | 20 | 13 | 8 |
| Rainy days per month | 4 | 4 | 5 | 2,5 | 1,5 | <1 | <1 | <1 | 1,5 | 2,5 | 3,5 |
